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　　電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸出的功(gong)率包括兩部(bu)(bu)分：一(yi)是有功(gong)功(gong)率：直接消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或聲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，利用(yong)這(zhe)些(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)功(gong)，這(zhe)部(bu)(bu)分功(gong)率稱(cheng)為(wei)有功(gong)功(gong)率;二是無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率：不(bu)消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，只(zhi)是把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)另一(yi)種形式的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，這(zhe)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠作(zuo)功(gong)的必備條件(jian)，并且，這(zhe)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)進行周(zhou)期性轉(zhuan)換，這(zhe)部(bu)(bu)分功(gong)率稱(cheng)為(wei)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)元件(jian)建立(li)磁(ci)場(chang)占(zhan)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器建立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)所占(zhan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng))。

　　所以無功功率補(bu)償裝置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中處在(zai)(zai)一個不可缺少的(de)非(fei)常重要(yao)的(de)位置(zhi)，其在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力(li)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中起提高電(dian)(dian)網的(de)功率因(yin)數的(de)作用(yong)，降低供(gong)電(dian)(dian)變壓器及輸(shu)送線路的(de)損耗，提高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)效率，改善供(gong)電(dian)(dian)環境。

　　無(wu)功補(bu)償的(de)具體實現方式：把具有容(rong)(rong)性(xing)功率(lv)負(fu)荷的(de)裝置與感性(xing)功率(lv)負(fu)荷并聯(lian)接在(zai)同一電路，能量在(zai)兩種負(fu)荷之間相(xiang)互交(jiao)換。這樣，感性(xing)負(fu)荷所需要的(de)無(wu)功功率(lv)可由容(rong)(rong)性(xing)負(fu)荷輸出的(de)無(wu)功功率(lv)補(bu)償。

　　無功補償的意義：

　　⑴ 補償無功功率(lv)，可以增加(jia)電網中有功功率(lv)的比例常數。

　　⑵ 減(jian)少發(fa)、供電設(she)備的設(she)計(ji)容量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)少投資，因此，對新建、改建工程，應充分考慮無功補(bu)償，便可以減(jian)少設(she)計(ji)容量(liang)(liang)，從而(er)減(jian)少投資。

　　⑶ 降(jiang)低(di)線損，提高功(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)后，線損率(lv)也下降(jiang)了，減少設計容量(liang)、減少投資，增加電(dian)網中有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的輸(shu)送(song)比例，以及降(jiang)低(di)線損都直接決定和影響著供電(dian)企業的經濟(ji)效益。所以，功(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)是考核經濟(ji)效益的重(zhong)要指標，規劃、實施無功(gong)補償(chang)勢在必行。

　　電(dian)網中常用的無功補(bu)償(chang)方式包括(kuo)：

　　① 集中(zhong)補償：在高低壓配電(dian)線路中(zhong)安(an)裝并聯電(dian)容(rong)器組;

　　② 分組補(bu)償：在(zai)配電變(bian)壓(ya)器低壓(ya)側和用戶車間(jian)配電屏安(an)裝并聯(lian)補(bu)償電容(rong)器;

　　③ 單(dan)臺電動機就地補(bu)償(chang)：在單(dan)臺電動機處安裝并(bing)聯電容器等。

　　加裝無功補償設備，不僅(jin)可使功率(lv)消(xiao)耗小，功率(lv)因數提(ti)高，還可以充分挖(wa)掘設備輸(shu)送(song)功率(lv)的潛力。