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　　電(dian)網輸出的(de)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)包括兩(liang)部分(fen)：一(yi)是(shi)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)：直接消(xiao)耗(hao)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，把(ba)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變為(wei)(wei)機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)、熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)、化學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)或聲能(neng)(neng)(neng)，利用(yong)這些能(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這部分(fen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)稱為(wei)(wei)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv);二是(shi)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)：不消(xiao)耗(hao)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，只是(shi)把(ba)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換為(wei)(wei)另一(yi)種(zhong)形式(shi)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)氣設備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)作(zuo)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)必備(bei)條件，并(bing)且(qie)，這種(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)在電(dian)網中與電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)進行周(zhou)期性轉換，這部分(fen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)稱為(wei)(wei)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(如電(dian)磁元件建(jian)立磁場(chang)占用(yong)的(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)容器(qi)建(jian)立電(dian)場(chang)所占的(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng))。

　　所以無功功率補償裝置(zhi)在電(dian)(dian)力(li)供電(dian)(dian)系統中(zhong)處(chu)在一(yi)個(ge)不可缺少的(de)(de)非常重要的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，其在電(dian)(dian)力(li)供電(dian)(dian)系統中(zhong)起提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)功率因(yin)數(shu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，降低(di)供電(dian)(dian)變壓器(qi)及輸(shu)送線路的(de)(de)損耗，提高(gao)供電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率，改善供電(dian)(dian)環境(jing)。

　　無(wu)功(gong)補償的具體實(shi)現方式：把具有容性(xing)功(gong)率(lv)負荷(he)(he)的裝置與感(gan)(gan)性(xing)功(gong)率(lv)負荷(he)(he)并聯接(jie)在(zai)同一電路，能(neng)量在(zai)兩種負荷(he)(he)之間(jian)相互(hu)交(jiao)換。這樣，感(gan)(gan)性(xing)負荷(he)(he)所(suo)需要(yao)的無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)可由容性(xing)負荷(he)(he)輸(shu)出的無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)補償。

　　無(wu)功補(bu)償的意義：

　　⑴ 補償無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)，可以增加電網中有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的比例常數(shu)。

　　⑵ 減(jian)(jian)少發(fa)、供電設(she)備的(de)設(she)計容(rong)量，減(jian)(jian)少投資，因此，對新建、改建工程，應(ying)充分(fen)考慮無功補(bu)償，便可以減(jian)(jian)少設(she)計容(rong)量，從而減(jian)(jian)少投資。

　　⑶ 降(jiang)低(di)線(xian)(xian)損(sun)，提高功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數后，線(xian)(xian)損(sun)率(lv)也下降(jiang)了，減少(shao)設計容量、減少(shao)投資，增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)網中有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)輸送比例，以及降(jiang)低(di)線(xian)(xian)損(sun)都直接(jie)決定和影(ying)響著供電(dian)企業的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。所以，功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數是考核經(jing)濟效益的(de)(de)重要指標，規劃、實(shi)施無功(gong)補償勢在必行。

　　電網(wang)中(zhong)常用的無功補償方式包(bao)括：

　　① 集中補償：在高低壓配電線路中安裝并(bing)聯電容器(qi)組;

　　② 分(fen)組補償：在配電(dian)變壓(ya)(ya)器低壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)和(he)用戶車間(jian)配電(dian)屏(ping)安(an)裝并聯(lian)補償電(dian)容器;

　　③ 單(dan)臺電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機就地補償(chang)：在單(dan)臺電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機處安裝并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)容器等(deng)。

　　加裝無功補償設(she)備(bei)，不僅可使(shi)功率(lv)消耗小，功率(lv)因數提高，還可以充分挖掘設(she)備(bei)輸(shu)送功率(lv)的(de)潛力。